Underwriting

Form 4506-C
IRS transcript request authorization often used to support mortgage income verification.
Declining Income
Income trend that is lower over time and may require extra mortgage underwriting review.
Profit and Loss Statement
Business income statement sometimes reviewed for self-employed mortgage borrowers.
Paystub
Recent payroll record used to document current earnings during mortgage income review.
Tax Return
Filed tax document used in mortgage underwriting to review income, deductions, and business activity.
Tax Transcript
IRS tax-record summary used by lenders to verify filed income information for mortgage underwriting.
W-2
Annual employee wage form commonly used to support mortgage income history.
Year-to-Date Earnings
Current-year payroll total used to compare a borrower's income pace with qualifying income.
Accept Recommendation
Automated underwriting recommendation that the submitted file appears acceptable if verified as entered.
Appraisal Waiver
A lender decision to skip a traditional appraisal when the loan meets acceptable criteria.
Approve/Eligible
Automated underwriting recommendation that the file appears approvable and eligible if documented as submitted.
Asset Documentation
Account records used to prove mortgage funds, reserves, and asset support.
Automated Underwriting System
Rules-based software lenders use to evaluate mortgage files against program guidelines.
AUS Findings
Automated underwriting output that lists the system recommendation and documentation requirements.
Bank Statement Review
Underwriting review of account statements to verify funds, deposits, and cash-flow consistency.
Credit Inquiry
Credit-report record showing that a lender or creditor accessed the borrower's credit file.
Credit Report
The borrower's credit-file record that lenders review during mortgage underwriting.
Credit Supplement
Additional credit-report information requested to clarify or update a mortgage credit file.
Desktop Underwriter
Automated underwriting tool commonly used to evaluate mortgage files against Fannie Mae-style criteria.
Employment Gap
Break in work history that may require explanation during mortgage income and employment review.
Verification of Employment
The lender's check that the borrower's job or work relationship supports the mortgage file.
Final Credit Check
Late underwriting review for new credit activity before closing or funding.
Prior-to-Funding Conditions
Final lender items that must be resolved before mortgage funds are released.
Income Documentation
Pay, tax, and employment records used to support mortgage qualifying income.
Verification of Income
The lender's check that the borrower truly earns the income used to qualify.
Ineligible Recommendation
Automated underwriting result showing the file does not fit the selected program or eligibility path as entered.
Letter of Explanation
Borrower statement that clarifies a mortgage underwriting question or document inconsistency.
Loan Product Advisor
Automated underwriting tool commonly used to evaluate mortgage files against Freddie Mac-style criteria.
Manual Underwriting
A mortgage review path that relies on human judgment instead of an automated approval alone.
Prior-to-Close Conditions
Underwriting items that must be cleared before the mortgage can move to closing.
Refer with Caution
Automated underwriting recommendation signaling that the file does not support a routine automated approval path.
Verification of Rent
Lender check of rent history used to support housing-payment behavior in a mortgage file.
AUS Resubmission
Rerun of an automated underwriting file after important loan data or documentation changes.
Undisclosed Debt
Borrower obligation that is missing from or not fully reflected in the mortgage file.
Verbal Verification of Employment
Late employment-status check confirming the borrower is still employed before closing or funding.
Verification of Assets
The lender's check that the borrower has the funds or liquid assets used in the file.
Large Deposit
A large deposit is an unusually large account deposit that may require explanation during mortgage asset review.
Seasoned Funds
Seasoned funds are money that has been in a borrower's account long enough to be treated as established funds in underwriting.
Source of Funds
Source of funds is the documented origin of money used for down payment, closing costs, reserves, or other mortgage requirements.
Verification of Deposit
Verification of deposit is documentation used to confirm account balances, account history, or deposit information for a mortgage file.
Conditions to Close
Outstanding lender requirements that must be satisfied before the loan can fund.
Conditional Approval
A provisional approval that still depends on specific outstanding requirements being satisfied.
Condo Questionnaire
The project information package lenders use to judge whether a condo is eligible for financing.
Condo Review
The lender's project-level underwriting review of a condominium before deciding whether the unit fits the intended financing channel.
Clear to Close
Final underwriting status showing the loan is ready for closing steps.
Loan Denial
A lender decision not to approve the mortgage under the current application or terms.
Investment Property
A property financed mainly for rental income or other investment return rather than personal occupancy.
Non-Warrantable Condo
A condo project that falls outside the standards for more standardized mortgage financing.
Occupancy Misrepresentation
Underwriting problem that arises when the declared mortgage occupancy does not match the borrower's real intended property use.
Occupancy Type
The borrower's planned use of the property as a primary home, second home, or investment.
Owner-Occupied
Owner-occupied describes a property the borrower plans to live in rather than hold mainly as a non-owner-occupied investment.
Primary Residence
The home the borrower plans to occupy as a main day-to-day residence.
Second Home
A property for the borrower's personal use beyond a primary residence, not mainly as a rental.
Underwriting
Mortgage underwriting terms covering file review, verification, approval conditions, and final loan decisions.
Underwriting
Lender review of the file to measure risk and decide whether the mortgage can proceed.
Warrantable Condo
A condo project that meets the standards for more standardized mortgage financing.
Compensating Factors
File strengths that can offset weaker parts of a borrower's mortgage profile.
Investor Overlay
An extra lender or investor rule that is stricter than the base mortgage guideline.
Risk-Based Pricing
Mortgage pricing that changes with the lender's view of the file's risk.