Mortgage-Backed Securities

Agency Guarantee
Credit-support feature behind certain agency MBS structures that helps make investor cash flows more predictable.
Average Life
MBS timing measure estimating when principal is expected to be returned to investors.
Best-Efforts Commitment
Secondary-market commitment where a lender generally delivers a specific closed loan if it closes.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligation
Structured mortgage security that divides mortgage cash flows into classes with different payment behavior.
Collateral File
Loan document package that supports ownership, enforceability, and delivery of mortgage collateral.
Credit Enhancement
Support feature intended to reduce credit risk to certain mortgage-backed security investors.
Current Coupon in MBS
Market-implied mortgage-backed security coupon area used as a reference point for current production.
Dollar Roll
TBA-market transaction that sells one agency MBS position and buys a similar later-settling position.
Excess Spread
Extra interest cash flow in an MBS structure that may support fees, losses, or investor protection.
Extension Risk
MBS risk that mortgage loans remain outstanding longer than investors expected.
Guaranty Fee
Fee associated with agency-style mortgage guarantees that helps compensate for credit risk and guarantee support.
Loan Delivery
Post-closing step where a mortgage is delivered to an investor, agency, or secondary-market execution.
Mandatory Commitment
Secondary-market commitment with a firmer lender obligation to deliver mortgage loans or securities.
Master Servicer
Entity that oversees servicing administration for loans in a securitized mortgage structure.
MBS Coupon
Stated cash-flow rate on a mortgage-backed security, distinct from the borrower's mortgage rate.
MBS Issuer
Entity responsible for issuing mortgage-backed securities backed by a pool of mortgage collateral.
MBS Price
Market price of a mortgage-backed security, one input behind many mortgage rate sheets.
MBS Trust
Legal trust or issuing vehicle that holds mortgage collateral for a mortgage-backed security.
MBS Trustee
Trustee party with document-defined responsibilities in a mortgage-backed securities transaction.
Mortgage Pipeline
Group of mortgage applications, locked loans, or closed loans moving toward funding and investor delivery.
Mortgage Pool
Group of mortgage loans assembled to support a mortgage-backed security or investor transaction.
TBA Pair-Off
Offsetting a TBA or delivery position instead of delivering the expected mortgage security.
Pass-Through Security
An MBS structure that passes pooled principal and interest cash flow through to investors.
Pass-Through Rate
Rate of mortgage cash flow passed through to investors in a pass-through mortgage security.
Pipeline Hedge
Secondary-market position used by a lender to manage rate-lock risk in its mortgage pipeline.
Pool Factor
MBS measure showing how much of a mortgage pool's original principal remains outstanding.
Prepayment Risk
MBS risk that mortgage borrowers repay sooner than expected, changing investor cash flow.
Pooling and Servicing Agreement
Document governing how pooled mortgage loans are serviced and administered for an MBS transaction.
PSA Prepayment Model
Market convention for expressing mortgage prepayment speed relative to a standard benchmark.
Seller-Servicer
Mortgage company approved to sell loans into an investor channel and service loans under that channel's rules.
Senior-Subordinate Structure
MBS structure that allocates losses to subordinate classes before senior investor classes.
Servicing-Retained
Loan-sale structure where the seller keeps servicing rights after selling the mortgage asset.
Specified Pool
Identified mortgage pool named for delivery or analysis instead of traded only through a generic TBA description.
TBA Settlement
Settlement step in which a to-be-announced agency MBS trade is completed with eligible mortgage pools.
Tranche
Class or slice of a structured mortgage security with its own cash-flow priority or timing behavior.
Weighted Average Coupon
Average note-rate measure for loans in a mortgage pool, weighted by remaining balance.
Weighted Average Loan Age
Balance-weighted measure of how long loans in a mortgage pool have been outstanding.
Weighted Average Maturity
Balance-weighted measure of remaining scheduled maturity across loans in a mortgage pool.
Mortgage Investor
The party that owns or economically benefits from a mortgage after origination.
Loan Sale
The transfer of mortgage ownership or economic interest after origination.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
The contractual rights to service mortgage accounts and collect servicing income.
Secondary Mortgage Market
The market where closed mortgages are sold, pooled, financed, or securitized after origination.
Servicing-Released
A loan-sale setup where the original seller does not keep servicing, so ownership and servicing are positioned to move together.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Terms covering the secondary mortgage market, securitization, agency pools, and servicing rights.
Securitization
The process of pooling mortgage loans and turning them into tradable securities.
To-Be-Announced Market
The forward market where many agency MBS trades occur before exact pools are named.
Whole Loan
An individual mortgage sold or held as a single asset instead of in a pooled security.
Fannie Mae
A government-sponsored enterprise that supports much of the conventional conforming mortgage market.
Freddie Mac
A government-sponsored enterprise that supports much of the conventional conforming mortgage market.
Ginnie Mae
The government corporation that guarantees certain mortgage-backed securities tied to government-loan programs.